Orthopedic revision connector

ABSTRACT

A connector apparatus for use in orthopedic procedures includes a base portion and an extending leg portion that forms a channel. Part of the base portion can be placed atop or adjacent implanted fixation members (e.g. bone screws), and a locking member can be inserted through the base and into the fixation member to anchor the connector to the fixation member. A rod can be inserted into the channel and fixed to the connector by a set screw. The apparatus is useful in connecting a rod to a fixation member, particularly in situations in which a rod is already connected to the fixation member, as by a previous implantation procedure, for example.

The present disclosure relates to implants useful in orthopedic surgery,and in particular to implants useful in making corrections or revisionsto previously-placed implant apparatus.

In the field of orthopedic surgery, it is well-known to implantapparatus into bone and/or other tissue in order to provide support,correction, or other therapeutic benefit to tissues. For example, in thefield of spinal orthopedic surgery, a set of bone screws may beimplanted, one in each of a number of vertebrae, and a rod can be seatedand locked in the bone screws. In this way, the rod is fixed to aplurality of vertebrae and holds the vertebrae in a particularrelationship, exerts force on the vertebrae to correct theirpositioning, or otherwise stabilizes the vertebrae.

In some cases, such an implanted apparatus may need to be adjusted orcorrected after the original implantation surgery is completed. Forexample, where an implantation of such apparatus occurs when a patientis relatively young, the patient's subsequent growth may requirerevision of the implant so as not to impede proper growth or to putcorrective forces on an area or in an orientation that is different fromwhat was originally needed. As another example, a rod-based system maybe implanted in a patient needing substantial support in an area of thespine, but as time passes that magnitude of support may not be needed,or support may be needed in a different area. In those cases, anadjustment, correction or other revision of the implanted system may beundertaken in a new surgical procedure.

To this point, revision procedures generally require unlocking of bonefixation members and removal of the implanted rod, and then placement ofa new rod having the new desired corrective or therapeutic attributes inthe bone fixation members. In some cases, tissue can grow into or ontoparts of the implant system, and thus unlocking of fixation membersand/or removal of a rod can involve removal of tissue, even to injury ofbone or other tissue that may be part of the healing or correctiveprocess. Additionally, unlocking fixation members, such as pedicle orother screws, can cause damage to the fixation members themselves. Insuch cases, the fixation members may have to be removed and replaced,with further trauma visited upon the bone(s) and associated tissues.

There are also cases in which multiple rods or other elongated membersof the same or differing size are indicated. In spinal applications,such members of different sizes may be indicated for use on the samevertebrae (e.g. substantially alongside or parallel to each other) or onadjacent vertebrae (e.g. a somewhat larger diameter rod along a set ofvertebrae generally inferior and adjacent to vertebrae along which asmaller rod is placed).

Accordingly, there is a need for apparatus that can be used in revisioncases to revise previously-implanted structures with less or nodisruption to the adjacent tissues and less risk of damage to aspects ofthe previously-implanted structure that are to remain in the patient,and in initial implantation cases as well.

SUMMARY

Among other things, there is disclosed an orthopedic connector apparatusthat can include a connector for connecting a head of a bone fixationmember to a rod. Embodiments of such a connector can include a unitarybody having a substantially planar base with a first end and a secondend and an L-shaped leg offset from the base, so that the leg and thebase form a channel for an orthopedic rod. The first end of the base canhave a threaded first hole facing part of the leg, and the second end ofthe base can have a second hole, and the holes may have respectivelongitudinal axes that are substantially parallel. The second end of thebase can be sized and configured to substantially cover the head of abone fixation member. Additionally, a set screw may be threaded in thefirst hole, and a locking member inserted in the second hole, so thatthe locking member can be inserted in the head of the bone fixationmember to lock the locking member and the apparatus to the bone fixationmember.

In particular embodiments, the locking member includes a threaded shaft,and/or the leg includes a surface substantially facing the second endand having an indentation, which indentation may be substantiallypart-cylindrical to accommodate part of the head. The locking member mayinclude a head that extends at least partially above the base. Theapparatus may include a rod locked in the channel, with the set screwcontacting the rod and pressing it against a portion of the leg. The setscrew can be configured so that its top surface, when the rod is lockedin the channel, is not above the base.

The disclosure also concerns an orthopedic apparatus having an implantedspinal support structure including at least one fixation member having ahead with a channel and an opening transverse to the channel, with thestructure also including a first rod in the channel and fixed to thehead. A connector having a base with a first end and a second end and anL-shaped leg offset from the base so that the leg and base form achannel for an orthopedic rod, with the first end of the base having athreaded first hole facing part of said leg and the second end of thebase having a second hole with a longitudinal axis substantiallyparallel to a longitudinal axis of the first hole, can be connected tothe head so that the second end of the base substantially covers thehead and the second hole at least partially communicates with theopening of the head. A second rod may be fixed to the connector in theconnector channel. A locking member may be inserted through the secondhole and into the fixation member to anchor the connector to the head.In embodiments in which the fixation member includes a set screw with aninternal print in the head so that the set screw closes at least aportion of the opening, the locking member may include a threadedportion inserted into the internal print to form a threaded orinterference fit. An adhering substance (e.g. cement or adhesive) can beplaced between the locking member and the set screw. A set screw couldbe threaded through the first hole and into contact with the second rod,fixing the second rod to the connector. The connector can be made sothat the second end of the base sits atop the head or so that the secondhole substantially surrounds a portion of the head, and the fixationmember can be one of a multi-axial bone screw, a fixed-axis bone screw,or an orthopedic hook.

Methods are also disclosed, including a method of revising apreviously-implanted spinal implant apparatus that includes one or moreof accessing the previously-implanted spinal implant apparatus, whichapparatus has a first rod fixed to the heads of at least two fixationmembers; connecting a first connector to a first of the fixation memberheads and a second connector to a second of the fixation member heads,each of the connectors having a base with a first end and a second endand an L-shaped leg offset from the base, the leg and base forming achannel for a second rod, the first end of the base having a threadedfirst hole facing part of the leg, and the second end of the base havinga second hole; placing a revision rod in the connectors' channels; andlocking the second rod to the connectors. Embodiments of such methodscan include moving one or both of the fixation members with respect toanother prior to the locking, which moving could be one of distracting,compressing or rotating one or both of the fixation members with respectto another. The connecting step may include inserting respective lockingmembers through the second holes of the connectors and into contact withrespective fixation members. Where the fixation members includerespective set screws that lock the first rod, to the respectivefixation members, the respective locking members may be inserted intothe set screws to lock the connectors to respective fixation members.Embodiments can also include removing a piece of the first rod frombetween the fixation members.

Further embodiments of methods disclosed herein can include a method ofimplanting spinal implant apparatus that includes one or more ofimplanting a first fixation member having a head with a substantiallyU-shaped channel and an opening transverse to the channel; inserting afirst rod in the channel; locking the first rod in the channel;connecting a first connector to the first fixation member head, theconnector having a base with a first end and a second end and anL-shaped leg offset from the base, the leg and the base forming achannel for a second rod, the first end of the base having a threadedfirst hole facing part of the leg, and the second end of the base havinga second hole; placing a second rod in the channel of the connector; andlocking the second rod to the connectors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a connector apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the lines IV-IV in FIG. 3and viewed in the direction of the arrows, of aspects of the embodimentshown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of embodiments as shown in FIG. 1 connectedto previously-implanted devices.

FIG. 6 is a side view with a partial cross-section of aspects as shownin FIG. 1 and 5.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a connectorapparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of thedisclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated inthe drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. Itwill nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of theclaims is thereby intended, such alterations and further modificationsin the illustrated device, and such further applications of theprinciples of the disclosure as illustrated therein being contemplated,as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which thedisclosure relates.

Referring generally to the figures, there is shown an embodiment of aconnector 20 useful in connecting elongated members, such as spinalrods, to other orthopedic implants such as bone screws or hooks, andwhich can be useful in orthopedic revision surgeries, initialimplantations, or other procedures. As further described below,connector 20 can be connected to previously-implanted apparatus 21, suchas bone screws 22, 24 that are connected to one or more rods 26.Multiple such connectors 20 may be fixed to a revision rod 28. One ormore connectors 20 may also be used in other procedures, such as initialimplanting procedures in which multiple rods or elongated members of oneor more sizes are used, along he same or adjacent vertebrae.

Connector 20 is a unitary or monolithic piece in the illustratedembodiment, having a substantially planar base portion 30 and an offsetleg portion 32. Base 30 has a first end portion 34 generally proximateto leg 32 and a second end portion 36. Each end portion 34, 36 has arespective hole 38, 40 therethrough. Holes 38, 40 each have respectivecentral longitudinal axes 42, 44 that in the illustrated embodiment areparallel or substantially parallel. Hole 38 in first end portion 34 isthreaded in this embodiment, but may be otherwise configured. Hole 40 insecond end portion 36 is also threaded in this embodiment, but in otherembodiments may be substantially smooth or otherwise configured.

Leg 32 is substantially L-shaped in this embodiment, forming a channel45 with base 30. Channel 45 communicates with hole 38. Channel 45 may bethought of as being substantially C-shaped, or the part of connector 20associated with first end 34 and leg 32 may be thought of as asubstantially C-shaped receiving end having two branches definingchannel 45. If viewed in that way, second end portion 36 may be thoughtof as an extension from that receiving end. The surface of leg 32 thatsubstantially faces end portion 36 includes a hollow or indentation 46in the illustrated embodiment, which may substantially correspond to theouter profile of a bone screw or other fixation implant. In a particularembodiment, indentation 46 forms part of a cylinder. Channel 45 isdimensioned so that rods of various diameters can be carried and lockedtherein.

End portion 36, in the illustrated embodiment, is dimensioned so that ahead portion of a fixation member, e.g. bone screws 22, 24, issubstantially or completely covered or surrounded by end portion 36. Ina particular embodiment, end portion 36 has a lower surface 47 that issubstantially planar around hole 40, and surface 47 rests atop the headof screw 22 or other bone fixation member, so that hole 40 is adjacentan opening or a locking member in screw 22.

A set screw 48 is also provided as part of the illustrated embodiment ofconnector 20. Set screw 48 has a portion 50 that extends into channel 45when set screw 48 is sufficiently threaded into hole 38. Portion 50 mayhave a substantially conical tip, as in the illustrated embodiment, ormay be otherwise configured. Portion 50 is for contacting revision rod28 so as to lock it to connector 20 in channel 45. An internal print 52is provided for insertion of a tightening tool (not shown), and in theillustrated embodiment is substantially hexagonal in form.

A threaded locking member 53 having in internal driving print 54 extendsthrough hole 40 to engage a plug 56, which in turn can connect to a bonefixation member, such as screw 22 or 24. In the illustrated embodiment,locking member 53 has a threaded shaft 58, and internal print 54 in theillustrated embodiment is substantially hexagonal in form for insertionof an appropriate tightening or holding tool (not shown). A retainingring 60 may also be provided in hole 40 and around shaft 58 to allowlocking member 53 to rotate with respect to hole 40 and perhaps ring 60,but also to prevent locking member 53 from falling out of hole 40. Ring60 may be a split ring, a circular washer, or similar structure. Plug56, in the illustrated embodiment, has a driving portion 62, anexternally-threaded lower portion 64, and an internally-threaded opening66. Driving portion 62 is an external hexagonal head in this embodiment,but may alternatively be square or otherwise-shaped. Threaded portion 64is configured to be matably threaded into a fixation member (e.g. screw22 or 24), as indicated below. Opening 66 is threaded at least part waythrough driving portion 62, and may extend into threaded portion 64. Thethreads in opening 66 are configured to accommodate threads of shaft 58in this embodiment.

The use of the apparatus described above will now be described incertain embodiments, and in the context of spinal surgery. It is to beunderstood that other orthopedic surgical uses and of the apparatusdescribed herein in other surgical contexts can be made.

Referring generally to FIG. 5, there is represented an apparatus 21 thatincludes two bone screws 22, 24 between and to each of which a rod 26 isfixed. For purposes of the immediate discussion, apparatus 21 may bethought of as having been previously implanted and in need of revision.The illustrated embodiments of screws 22 and 24 are multi-axial screws,having a head portion 80 with a substantially U-shaped channel 82, athreaded shaft portion 84 for insertion into bone, and a set screw 86threadable into head 80 and channel 82. Shaft 84 is pivotable withrespect to head 80 within a cone of possible angles. Types ofmulti-axial screws include those shown in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. Nos.6,280,442 and 5,797,911, both incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties. Rod 26 in this embodiment is a substantially cylindricalrod. Although two screws 22, 24 are shown connected to rod 26 in thefigures, it will be understood that additional screws or other fixationmembers or apparatus may be connected to rod 26 to the right or left (asseen in FIG. 5) of screws 22 or 24.

Where a single unitary rod 26 joins screws 22 and 24, and adjustment isneeded between the vertebrae in which screws 22 and 24 are implanted,the surgeon (after obtaining access to the surgical site) may cut rod 26and remove a portion between screws 22 and 24. When the connectionbetween screws 22 and 24 is cut, then adjustments can take place. Forexample, a distractor or compressor tool (not shown) may be introducedto act against one or both of screws 22, 24 and/or one or both of thevertebrae in which they are implanted, thereby moving the vertebrae andthe screws with respect to each other. Other manipulations, with orwithout tools, could be performed on screws 22 and/or 24 or theirrespective vertebra(e).

At some point before or after such manipulation(s), connectors 20 may beplaced on the heads 80 of screws 22 and 24. For clarity's sake, suchplacement will be described with respect to screw 22, and it will beobserved that placement with respect to screw 24 will be substantiallyor completely identical. Connector 20 is introduced to the surgical siteand end portion 36 is placed atop head 80 of screw 22. Plug 56 may beinitially separate from locking member 53 and threaded into screw 22,followed by placement of connector 20 over plug 56 so that shaft 58 oflocking member 53 can be threaded into opening 66 of plug 56.Alternatively, plug 56 may be initially inserted into connector 20 andloosely or tightly connected to locking member 53, then connected toscrew 22, e.g. by turning one or more of connector 20, plug 56 andlocking member 53 with respect to screw 22. As indicated above, endportion 36 in this embodiment sits atop head 80 so that hole 40 of end36 is adjacent channel 82 of head 80 and opening 66 of plug 56 therein.Connector 20 is anchored to head 80 via locking member 53, inserted(e.g. threaded, in this embodiment) into opening or internal thread 66of plug 56. In certain embodiments, cements, adhesives or other adheringsubstances may be placed in opening 66 of plug 56 prior to insertion oflocking member 53, or may otherwise be placed between locking member 53and plug 56 so as to improve the tight connection between them. Prior totightening locking member 53, connector 20 may be pivoted with respectto head 80 substantially around axis 44 or an axis parallel to it. Thus,channel 45 of connector 20 may be substantially parallel to channel 84of head 80, or channels 45 and 84 may be oblique with respect to eachother.

Revision rod 28 is placed in channel 45 of connector 20. Finaladjustment or manipulation of one or more of screws 22, 24, theirrespective vertebrae, and/or connector 20 can be made with rod 28 inchannel 44. When rod 28 and connector 20 are placed as the surgeondesires with respect to head 80, set screw 48 can be tightened to pressrod 28 against leg 32 of connector 20, and locking member 53 can betightened to press end 36 of connector 20 against head 80 of screw 22.

As noted, a similar or identical process may be used to connect a secondconnector 20 to screw 24. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, two suchconnectors 20 are connected to respective screws 22, 24, and rod 28 isfixed to each connector 20. A revision of the previously-implantedapparatus 21 can be accomplished in this way or in a similar manner withminimal effect on tissue surrounding the previously-placed implantdevices.

It will be understood that the steps noted above may be taken in avariety of orders. For example, rod 28 may be loosely or tightlyconnected to connector(s) 20 prior to placing connector(s) 20 on screws22 and/or 24. As another example, adjustment or manipulation of thepreviously-implanted apparatus can occur prior to, along with or afterplacement of connector(s) 20 on screws 22 and/or 24. Yet another exampleis that connector(s) 20 may be tightened with respect to screws 22and/or 24 prior to introduction of rod 28 into channel(s) 45. Othervariations will be appreciated.

In the example given above, the previously-implanted rod 26 is a solidcontinuous rod that extends between screws 22 and 24 and beyond them. Insome implant structures, two rods may be initially placed, one in agenerally superior position and one in a generally inferior position.This type of case may be indicated by FIG. 5, with one rod portion 26(e.g. the one on the left in the figure) being relatively superior, andthe other rod portion 26 (e.g. the one on the right in the figure) beingrelatively inferior. In such cases, revision of the structure may notrequire cutting or removal of any part of either rod. Manipulation oradjustment of vertebrae, directly or indirectly by force applied toscrews 22 and/or 24, can be performed, and connectors 20 and rod 28 maybe applied as indicated above to revise such a structure.

It will further be seen that connector 20 need not be restricted to usein spinal or revision procedures. For instance, in an original orinitial implantation procedure, if a surgeon deems it properly indicatedhe or she could include connector 20. One example of such a procedurecould be implanting a first fixation device (e.g. screw 22) andextending an elongated member (e.g. the left rod or rod portion 26 seenin FIG. 5) from it, connecting the elongated member to a second fixationdevice (not shown). Connector 20 can then be attached to screw 22, asdescribed above, and an offset elongated member (e.g. rod or rod portion28 seen in FIG. 5) can be attached to connector 20 as described above.In certain embodiments, such as when placing support along vertebraethat bridge different parts of the spine, adjacent elongated members mayhave different diameters. For example, the left portion of rod 26 (asseen in FIG. 5) may be of a relatively smaller diameter and connected tocervical or thoracic vertebrae, and rod 28 may be of a relatively largerdiameter and connected to somewhat larger thoracic or lumbar vertebrae.In such embodiments, rods 26 and 28 can run along adjacent sets ofvertebrae, or may run along substantially the same set of vertebrae aseach other. Rod 28 can be connected to another fixation device (e.g. ascrew like screw 24), another connector 20, or a variety of otherorthopedic implant devices such as a bone screw, hook, staple or otherdevice. If desired or appropriate, further connections can be made (assuggested in FIG. 5) to another screw 24 and a further rod (e.g. rightrod portion 26).

A dual-rod construct with connector 20 can be used to reinforce one ormore particular locations, motion segments or levels of the spine orother tissues. For example, where a tumor is removed from or aparticular trauma has been suffered by adjacent vertebrae, a dual-rodconstruct with connector 20 as described and suggested above can beplaced across and attached to such vertebrae to provide thereinforcement and support of two rods. In some cases, the two rods usedmay be of smaller diameter than a single rod used for support would be,in which case some rotational flexibility may be attained. Further, adual-rod construct with one or more connectors 20 can be used with rodsof differing diameter to provide different stiffness characteristics todifferent spinal levels. For example, a first rod (e.g. left-hand rod 26in FIG. 5) may have a relatively smaller diameter for use withrelatively smaller vertebrae or those for which less support or rigiditymay be required, while a second rod (e.g. rod 28 and/or right-hand rod26 in FIG. 5) may have a relatively larger diameter for use withrelatively larger vertebrae or those for which greater support orrigidity may be required. Thus, in addition to revision of priorsurgeries, the apparatus disclosed herein can be used in other types ofprocedures, including use in the first instance for better reinforcementor better tailoring of apparatus to a particular patient's needs.

Although screws 22 and 24 have been described above as multi-axialscrews, it will be seen that they may be any of a variety of bonefixation members, including bone fixation members having substantiallyU-shaped channels in them. Thus, previously-implanted structure withwhich connector 20 may be used can include one or more fixed-axis bonescrews or hooks, screws or hooks with rotatable bone-engaging portions,plates or staples with a receiving portion for a rod or other elongatedmember, or other similar items.

In the above-described embodiment, locking member 53 is shown as havinga head that extends above the top surface of portion 30 of connector 20.It will be understood that other embodiments of locking member 53 may beused, such as one substantially or completely below the top surface ofportion 30 when connector 20 is locked to an implant, particularly ifportion 30 includes a hollow or countersunk portion to accommodate someor all of a head, or if locking member 53 lacks such a head.

One example of such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 7. Connector 20′ isgenerally the same as connector 20 in most respects, and thus the samenumbers are used to indicate similar features. However, in thisembodiment hole 40 of connector 20′ is large enough to be placed aroundscrew head 80, akin to a ring around the head, and a ledge orcountersunk surface 40a is provided around hole 40. A locking member 53′is provided with a broad, relatively flat head 55′ in the illustratedembodiment, which is joined to a threaded shaft 53′ and includes aninternal driving print 54′ (shown hexagonal as one example).

In use, connector 20′ fits over screw head 80, as indicated above, insituations identical and similar to those described herein for use ofconnector 20. Screw head 80 is inserted in hole 40 of connector 20′until it is just below the top surface of connector 20′. In theillustrated embodiment, screw head 80 has an outwardly sloping orconical medial portion 81, and connector 20′ forms an interference fitwith portion 81, preventing connector 20′ from sliding further down head80. End 36′ of connector 20′ is of a thickness such that the top surfaceof connector 20′ is slightly above the top of screw head 80, in thisembodiment. Locking member 53′ is threaded into plug 56 in screw head80, and head 55′ of locking member 53′ abuts the top of screw head 80and ledge 40a in connector 20′. Tightening locking member 53′ locks itagainst ledge 40a, head 80 and plug 56, preventing connector 20′ fromlifting away from head 80. Thus, this embodiment of connector 20′provides the advantages of connector 20, with an even lower profile.

While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in thedrawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood thatall changes and modifications that come within the spirit of thedisclosure are desired to be protected. For example, a locking membersuch as locking member 53 could be inserted directly into a set screwalready within a channel of a fixation member such as screw 22 or 24,and in such constructs a separate plug 56 is not needed. As discussedabove, the connection between such a locking member and an existing setscrew could be threaded, enhanced by cements, adhesives or othersubstances, or otherwise configured.

Directional terms used herein, such as “above,” “below” or similarterms, are not intended to be necessarily indicative of the orientationof the described feature in all situations. Rather, they are used inconjunction with the figures to indicate general relationships betweenor among features.

1. A connector apparatus for connecting a head of a bone fixation memberto a rod, comprising: a unitary body having a substantially planar basewith a first end and a second end and an L-shaped leg offset from saidbase, said leg and said base forming a channel for an orthopedic rod,said first end of said base having a threaded first hole facing part ofsaid leg, said second end of said base having a second hole, said holeshaving respective longitudinal axes that are substantially parallel,wherein said second end of said base is sized and configured tosubstantially cover the head of a bone fixation member; a set screwthreaded in said first hole; a locking member inserted in said secondhole, wherein said locking member can be inserted in the head of thebone fixation member to lock said locking member and said apparatus tothe bone fixation member.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein saidlocking member includes a threaded shaft.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein said leg includes a surface substantially facing said secondend, said surface having an indentation.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3,wherein said indentation is substantially part-cylindrical toaccommodate part of the head.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein saidlocking member includes a head that extends at least partially abovesaid base.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a rod lockedin said channel, said set screw contacting said rod and pressing itagainst a portion of said leg.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein saidset screw has a top surface, and when said rod is locked in saidchannel, said top surface of said set screw is not above said base. 8.An orthopedic apparatus comprising: an implanted spinal supportstructure including at least one fixation member having a head with achannel and an opening transverse to said channel, said structure alsoincluding a first rod in said channel and fixed to said head; aconnector connected to said head, said connector having a base with afirst end and a second end and an L-shaped leg offset from said base,said leg and said base forming a channel for an orthopedic rod, saidfirst end of said base having a threaded first hole facing part of saidleg, said second end of said base having a second hole, said holeshaving respective longitudinal axes that are substantially parallel,said second end of said base substantially covering said so that saidsecond hole at least partially communicates with said opening of saidhead; and a second rod fixed to said connector in said connectorchannel.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a lockingmember inserted through said second hole and into said fixation member,said locking member anchoring said connector to said head.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 9, wherein said fixation member includes a set screwwith an internal print in said head, said set screw closing at least aportion of said opening, and said locking member includes a threadedportion that is inserted into said internal print to form a threaded orinterference fit.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising anadhering substance between said locking member and said set screw. 12.The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a set screw threadedthrough said first hole and into contact with said second rod, wherebysaid second rod is fixed to said connector.
 13. The apparatus of claim8, wherein said second end of said base sits atop said head.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein said second hole substantially surrounds aportion of said head.
 15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein saidfixation member is one of a multi-axial bone screw, a fixed-axis bonescrew, or an orthopedic hook.
 16. A method of revising apreviously-implanted spinal implant apparatus, comprising: accessing thepreviously-implanted spinal implant apparatus, said apparatus having afirst rod fixed to the heads of at least two fixation members;connecting a first connector to a first of said fixation member headsand a second connector to a second of said fixation member heads, eachof said connectors having a base with a first end and a second end andan L-shaped leg offset from said base, said leg and said base forming achannel for a second rod, said first end of said base having a threadedfirst hole facing part of said leg, said second end of said base havinga second hole; placing a revision rod in said channels of saidconnectors; locking said second rod to said connectors.
 17. The methodof claim 16, further comprising moving one or both of said fixationmembers with respect to another prior to said locking.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, wherein said moving is one of distracting, compressing orrotating one or both of said fixation member with respect to another.19. The method of claim 16, wherein said connecting step includesinserting respective locking members through said second holes of saidconnectors and into contact with respective said fixation members. 20.The method of claim 19, wherein said respective fixation members eachinclude a set screw that locks said first rod to the respective fixationmembers, and said respective locking members are inserted into said setscrews to lock said respective connectors to said respective fixationmembers.
 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising removing a pieceof said first rod from between said fixation members.
 22. A method ofimplanting spinal implant apparatus, comprising: implanting a firstfixation member, said fixation member having a head with a substantiallyU-shaped channel and an opening transverse to said channel; inserting afirst rod in said channel; locking said first rod in said channel;connecting a first connector to said first fixation member head, saidconnector having a base with a first end and a second end and anL-shaped leg offset from said base, said leg and said base forming achannel for a second rod, said first end of said base having a threadedfirst hole facing part of said leg, said second end of said base havinga second hole; placing a second rod in said channel of said connector;locking said second rod to said connectors.